Case Conversion Methods upper() and lower()

How can you convert the string "apple" to "APPLE", or "APPLE" to "apple" in one step?

Python provides methods upper() and lower() to change the case of characters in a string.

The upper() method converts all characters in a string to uppercase, while the lower() method converts them to lowercase.

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text = "Hello World!"

upper_text = text.upper()

# HELLO WORLD!
print("upper_text:", upper_text)

lower_text = text.lower()

# hello world!
print("lower_text:", lower_text)

In programming, case conversion is mainly used during normalization, where user input is transformed into a consistent, standard format.

What is Normalization? : Normalization is the process of converting data into a consistent format. Common tasks include transforming all text to lowercase or removing spaces to facilitate comparison.

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user_input = "PyThOn"

standardized_input = user_input.lower()

if standardized_input == "python":
    print("Matched!")
else:
    print("Not Matched.")