Generating Arrays (arange, linspace, zeros, ones)

NumPy offers built-in functions that let you create arrays quickly without typing values manually.

These functions are especially useful for generating test data or initializing arrays for computations.

Generates evenly spaced values from start to stop (excluding stop).

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np.arange(0, 10, 2)  # [0 2 4 6 8]

Generates a specific number of evenly spaced values including the stop value.

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np.linspace(0, 1, 5)  # [0.   0.25 0.5  0.75 1.0]

Create arrays filled with zeros or ones. Pass a shape like (3,) or (2, 3).

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np.zeros((2, 2))  
# [[0. 0.]
#  [0. 0.]]

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np.ones((2, 3))  
# [[1. 1. 1.]
#  [1. 1. 1.]]

• arange: values spaced by step (like range())
• linspace: values spaced by number of points
• zeros / ones: fill arrays with fixed values