String Operations

A string is a sequence of characters used to store text — such as names, messages, or categories.

In data analysis, strings are often used to clean, combine, or transform text into a usable format.

You can join two or more strings using the + operator:

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first_name = "Emily"
last_name = "Clark"
full_name = first_name + " " + last_name
print("Full Name:", full_name)

This combines the first and last names into one string, with a space in between.

You can change the case of a string using the upper() and capitalize() methods:

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greeting = "hello world"
print(greeting.upper())       # HELLO WORLD
print(greeting.capitalize())  # Hello world

upper() makes all letters uppercase, while capitalize() makes only the first letter uppercase.

Users often type extra spaces accidentally. You can clean them using the strip() method:

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raw_input = "   data science   "
clean_input = raw_input.strip()
print("Cleaned:", clean_input)

This removes spaces at the beginning and end of the string — useful when cleaning user inputs or survey data.

If a string contains outdated or incorrect terms, you can replace them using the replace() method:

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message = "I love Java"
updated_message = message.replace("Java", "Python")
print(updated_message)

This searches for "Java" in the text and replaces it with "Python".